Measurements of Surface-Roughness Effects on the Development of a Vortex Produced by an Inclined Jet in Cross-Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the effects of surface roughness on the streamwise development of a vortex created by an isolated circular jet injected at 45 deg pitch and 90 deg skew into a crossflow. The study is motivated by the typical surface conditions encountered on in-service turbine blades of gas-turbine engines. Detailed measurements of the velocity field have been performed with a miniature four-wire probe at the jet exit plane, in the oncoming cross-stream boundary layer, and in a series of planes that capture the streamwise development of the vortex in the crossflow boundary layer up to about 15 jet-discharge diameters downstream of the jet. The paper presents the effects of surface roughness on the structure of the dominant streamwise vortex created by the interaction of the inclined jet with the mainstream, and documents the changes in the location, streamwise rate of change of circulation, and streamwise rate of diffusion of this vortex. Through these results, the change in the effectiveness of the vortex in energizing the boundary layer in the presence of surface roughness can be quantified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".