A class IA PI3K controls inflammatory cytokine production in human neutrophils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neutrophils are generally the first leukocytes to arrive at sites of inflammation or injury, where they release a variety of inflammatory mediators, which contribute to shaping the ensuing immune response. Here, we show that in neutrophils exposed to physiological stimuli (i.e. LPS and TNF-α), inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway impairs the synthesis and secretion of IL-8, Mip-1α, and Mip-1β. Further investigation showed that Mip-1α and Mip-1β gene transcription was similarly decreased, whereas IL-8 transcription and steady-state mRNA levels were unaffected. Accordingly, PI3K inhibition had no impact on NF-κB or C/EBP activation, which are essential for IL-8 transcription, but the basis for this selective inhibition of chemokine transcription remains elusive. We nevertheless identified translational targets of the PI3K pathway (S6, S6 kinase, 4E-BP1). Inhibitor studies and overexpression experiments further established that the various effects of PI3K on chemokine production can be ascribed to p85α and p110δ subunits. Finally, we show that in LPS- and TNF-activated neutrophils, PI3K acts downstream of the kinases p38 MAPK and TAK1. Given the importance of neutrophils and their products in numerous chronic inflammatory disorders, the PI3K pathway could represent an attractive therapeutic target.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".