Determination of the complete elastic stiffnesses from ultrasonic phase velocity measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complete set of 21 elastic stiffnesses of a composite material are found from ultrasonic measurements of the phase velocity anisotropy. Quasi‐ P and quasi‐ S wave phase speeds at a variety of incident angles within a number of differing planes through the material are obtained using the τ‐ p plane wave decomposition technique. The 779 individual phase velocities were inverted, under no a priori presumptions about the symmetry or orientation of the material, to provide all the stiffnesses. These show that the material has nearly orthorhombic symmetry, as is expected from its texture. This orthorhombic character was further apparent in a number of bootstrap tests of the inversion that assumed differing levels of symmetry from triclinic to orthorhombic and using various subsets of the measured phase velocities. However, the present analysis does not account for the effects of wave speed dispersion evident in the observed waveforms. This dispersion is particularly severe for the in‐plane q ‐ S polarization and is possibly a consequence of the fine‐layered structure of the material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".