Rheological Properties of Thermoviscosifying Polymers in High‐temperature and High‐salinity Environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermo‐viscosifying polymers (TVPs) are a novel class of materials developed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications in high‐temperature and high‐salinity (HTHS) oil reservoirs. The rheological properties of the TVP‐fluorocarbon surfactant and its interactions with different salts were studied. The effects of surfactant concentration, polymer concentration, salinity, and different inorganic salts on the rheological properties of the TVP and the surfactant‐polymer (SP) system were evaluated. Critical association temperature (T cass ) was found to be a function of the TVP concentration and salinity. At low salinity, only thermo‐thinning behaviour was observed in the entire temperature range. At high salinity, thermo‐thinning was obtained in the low temperature range (<T cass ) followed by thermo‐thickening at high temperatures (>T cass ) . The interfacial tension between crude oil and the TVP solution was reduced by 3 orders of magnitude with a combination of a fluorocarbon surfactant and a co‐surfactant. About a 22 % increase in oil recovery was obtained using the TVP and the SP injection. The TVP showed much better performance and promising results in HTHS conditions compared with commercially available partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In HTHS conditions, HPAM suffers a large viscosity loss due to thermo‐thinning and charge screening. On the other hand, the high viscosity of the TVP due to thermo‐thickening increases oil recovery in HTHS conditions. The thermo‐thickening tendency is enhanced by high temperature and high salinity, which makes it more promising for EOR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".