Detection of smear zone using micro-cone and electrical resistance probe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The installation of a prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) using a mandrel results in soil disturbance adjacent to the PVD, which is known as the smear zone. The smear zone is investigated by a series of radial penetration tests including a micro-cone penetrometer and an electrical resistance probe in the clay specimen prepared in a large-scale chamber. The 5 mm diameter micro-cone penetrometer and the 2.1 mm diameter electrical resistance probe produce continuous soil strength and electrical resistivity profiles around the PVD. Almost-constant values of the cone tip resistance and electrical resistivity are measured within the undisturbed zone. The outer boundary of the smear zone is clearly defined by the locations where the deviations of the measured cone tip resistance and electrical resistivity from the constant values are observed. Significant changes in both measurements are observed in the smear zone with remarkably consistent patterns. The smear zone induced by the PVD installation using a rectangular mandrel has an elliptical shape and extends to approximately 3.2∼3.4 times the half-length of the mandrel and 5.3∼5.4 times the half-width of the mandrel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".