Postglacial water-level changes of a small lake in southern Québec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sediment stratigraphy and palaeobotanical data from five cores were used to reconstruct the postglacial water-level changes of a small lake in southern Québec. The cores were taken along two transects from the centre of the lake to the margins. Lake level was relatively high before 11 000 cal. BP, when sedimen tation was characterized by the deposition of silty gyttja (.13 000 cal. BP) and marl (13 000–11 000 cal. BP). From 11 000 to 7000 cal. BP, a sediment hiatus was indicated by the lack of two regional pollen zones between the marl and the overlying gyttja, suggesting either nondeposition or erosion of the previously deposited sedi ments due to a low lake level. The lake level was approximately 2 m lower than present on the basis of macrofossil assemblages. A rise in the water level of about 1 m occurred around 7000 cal. BP, which was interrupted by a second lowering between 6100 and 4400 cal. BP, as indicated by a hiatus in the pollen stratigra phy. During this low period, the water level was at least 2 m lower than present. The last 4400 years are characterized by a continuous rise. The lake-level fluctuations are broadly synchronous with other palaeo hydrological records in northeastern United States, Ontario, and Subarctic Québec, implying broad-scale climatic control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".