Sol–Gel‐Derived, Calcium‐Based, Copper‐Functionalised CO<sub>2</sub> Sorbents for an Integrated Chemical Looping Combustion–Calcium Looping CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Process
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Using a sol–gel technique, new copper‐functionalised, calcium‐based CO 2 sorbents were developed to integrate chemical looping combustion into the calcium looping scheme. In this process, the exothermic reduction of copper oxide with methane, carbon monoxide or hydrogen is used to provide the heat required to calcine (regenerate) calcium carbonate. The materials contained CuO and CaO in a molar ratio of either 1.3:1 or 3.3:1, were supported on Al 2 O 3 , MgO or MgAl 2 O 4 and were characterised by means of X‐ray diffraction, N 2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy and temperature‐programmed reduction. All materials, independent of the precursors and support material used, possessed excellent cyclic oxygen‐carrying capacities. However, it was found that the presence of magnesium in the support stabilised the CO 2 uptake and minimised carbon deposition. CuCa‐MgAl‐1.3:1 was the material that possessed the highest CO 2 uptake of 0.13 g g material −1 after 15 cycles of repeated carbonation/calcination–redox reactions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it