COSMIC GPS Observations of Northern Hemisphere winter stratospheric gravity waves and comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
COSMIC satellite temperature data are used to derive the 2006/07 winter mean stratospheric Northern Hemisphere potential energy Ep from gravity waves with vertical wavelengths less than 7 km in grid cells of size 10° × 5°; and to study longitudinal and latitudinal variability in cells of size 20° × 5° × 7 days. Large Ep at 17–23 km is mostly associated with the sub‐tropical jet and shows significant longitudinal variability. Some contribution to total Ep from local orographic sources may occur above the Canadian Rockies, Scandinavia and northern Japan, but not above the Himalayas, due to the background wind conditions. Many of the waves are likely to have low ground‐based phase speeds, as observed by filtering around the 0–10 m s−1 background zonal wind. COSMIC results are compared with a T106L60 AGCM, confirming sub‐tropical jet related generation, upward propagation and low phase speeds of the observed gravity waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".