STEADY AND TRANSIENT DROPLET DISPERSION IN AN AIR-ASSIST INTERNALLY MIXING CONE ATOMIZER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Droplet dispersion for steady and transient sprays produced by an air-assist internally mixing cone atomizer is studied using high-speed laser imaging, shadowgraphy, and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). For this spray, large droplets form close to the periphery while small droplets form close to the centerline. Radial dispersion of droplets is a function of droplet relaxation time and fluctuating flow characteristic times so that small droplets disperse more effectively in the radial direction than large droplets due to turbulent diffusion. For the transient spray, the overall axial and radial penetration of the spray is self-preserving and similar to penetration of starting continuous phase jets. Axial dispersion of droplets is a function of droplet relaxation time and the mean flow characteristic time. The leading edge of the spray exhibits higher turbulence than the trailing edge, which is characterized by very large eddies and smaller Reynolds numbers. The dispersion behavior at far-field away from the breakup region is expected to be similar for many dilute air-assist, internally mixing round sprays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".