Passive standoff detection of radiological products in the thermal infrared region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An investigation is made into the possibility of applying the passive standoff detection technique to the identification of radiological and related products. This work is based on laboratory measurements of the diffuse reflectance from a number of radiological or related products, including U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, ThO<sub>2</sub>, CsI, SrO, I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. With the use of these measured reflectances, simulations of the nadir radiances with the various types of surface reflectances were carried out with the MODTRAN4 transmission model. The simulations were performed for two types of scenarios; at an altitude of 1 m above the ground for the purpose of simulating the passive detection of nuclear products with a hand-held instrument, and at an altitude of 1 km to emulate the conditions of a passive sensor carried aloft in an aircraft. The results of the simulations under idealized conditions show that there is a good potential for being able to measure radiological products or related materials by passive standoff detection using Fourier-transform infrared radiometric techniques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".