The Dominant Role of Solvent in the Sequestering of Bile Salts by Hydrophobic Cationic Polymeric Resins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The binding behavior of sodium cholate, a trihydroxy hydrophobic bile salt, by a polyacrylamide resin with N,N,N-trimethylammonium dodecyl chloride (QPDA12) pendant group was determined with varying buffer conditions and in the presence of 1,2-propanediol as a solvent perturbant. Binding constants extracted from the fit of the binding isotherms to the Langmuir equation were obtained at several temperatures. The temperature dependence of the binding behavior indicated that binding, in comparison with that of the dihydroxy chenodeoxycholate, was weaker due to a smaller positive entropic change, despite a lowered enthalpic barrier. Enthalpy-entropy compensation with a compensation temperature of 285-290 K, characteristic of processes involving water, was found to encompass both the cholate and chenodeoxycholate data under a wide variety of conditions. Previous studies with sodium chenodeoxycholate determined that loss of hydrophobic hydration within the resin dominated the thermodynamics of the binding process, but the observations with sodium cholate revealed that solvent liberation about the bile salt is also a contributor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".