Long-term effects of repeated pregnancies (multiparity) on blood pressure regulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy is associated with profound alterations in the cardiovascular system, the long-term effects of which are unknown. Human epidemiological studies suggest that multiparity (multiple pregnancies) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying these findings remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of parity on cardiovascular regulation. METHODS: Pressor responses to phenylephrine (PE) and acute stress were compared in conscious age-matched repeatedly breed (RB) and virgin rats. Vascular compliance and reactivity of isolated resistance-sized mesenteric arteries were studies using pressure and wire myograph. RESULTS: We found that both exogenous PE and acute stress elicited greater pressor responses in RB than in aged-matched virgins. Pressure and wire myography also revealed that small mesenteric arteries from RB rats were less compliant than those from virgins (RB: 0.24+/-0.04 microm mm Hg(-1), n=6 vs. virgins: 0.63+/-0.06 microm mm Hg(-1), n=6; p< or =0.05) and were more sensitive to PE (EC(50) RB: 1.58+/-0.08 x 10(-6) M, n=10 vs. virgins: 2.05+/-0.09 x 10(-6) M, n=14; p< or =0.05). Removal of the endothelium abolished the difference in sensitivity. More specifically, the augmented vascular response of RB was both nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase dependent. By contrast, there was no difference in methacholine-induced vasodilation of phenylephrine-preconstricted vessels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that repeated pregnancies induce long-term alterations in cardiovascular regulation due to changes in vascular compliance and endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction. We propose that such changes might influence the risk for cardiovascular disease in multiparous women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".