Fabrication of TiC and ZrC reinforced Al-4 wt%Cu composite droplets using impulse atomization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, Al-4 wt%Cu alloy and its composites reinforced with different initial particle sizes of ZrC (8 µm and 157 µm) and TiC (13 µm and 93 µm) were fabricated by impulse atomization, and the microstructure of composite and unreinforced alloy droplets were examined by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and cell size analyses. Scanning electron microscopic observations of composite droplets indicated that fine ZrC particles (8 µm) were mostly clustered while the other composites of the present investigation were distributed rather uniformly within the fine microstructure of droplets. The relationship between the cell size and the amount of carbide particles reveals that the presence of carbide particles in the alloy powders yields a finer structure. This could be due to the role of the carbide particles as heterogeneous sites for nucleation and to some extent due to particle restricted growth of matrix cells during solidification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".