Benzimidazoles as Ligands in the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Bifunctional Hydrogenation of Ketones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of Cl 2 Ru(diphosphane)L 2 (II) complexes in which L = N 1-alkylated benzimidazoles, bonding to the metal through nitrogen, have been synthesized and characterized. In the case of 1-methylbenzimidazole, the resulting complexes exist as statistical mixtures of all possible conformational isomers. When the size of the substituent on the benzimidazole was increased to complexes could be prepared that exist as a single diastereomer. All complexes possessing benzimidazole ligands bound to the ruthenium center are active for the mild and chemoselective hydrogenation of ketones in the presence of alkenes. Catalysts that exist as a single diastereomer, prepared with enantiomerically pure diphosphanes, catalyze the hydrogenation of prochiral ketones with moderate levels of enantioselectivity that are significantly improved relative to catalysts existing in several conformations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".