Modeling of Reinforcement Buckling in RC Columns Confined with FRP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A model of the buckling behavior of the longitudinal reinforcement in RC columns confined with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is proposed. The model includes three significant aspects: (i) the model takes into account the flexural stiffness of cracked cover concrete jacketed with FRP to estimate the buckling length and critical stress; (ii) the asymptotic compressive stress of the buckled longitudinal bars under a cyclic load is modified considering the restraining effect of the FRP; and (iii) it is assumed that at least one of the lateral reinforcing bars (made of mild steel) yield to allow the concerned longitudinal bars to buckle. The model was implemented in the form of a two-dimensional finite element algorithm to compute the hysteric response of the RC columns. The finite element analysis conducted herein considers spalling of the cover concrete due to the buckling along the longitudinal reinforcement. The analysis compared well overall with the test results of four RC columns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".