Modeling of waveguide-separated absorption charge multiplication-avalanche photodetector (WG-SACM-APD)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Waveguide Photodetector (WGPDs) are considered leading candidates to overcome the bandwidth-efficiency trade-off presented in conventional photodetectors. In this paper, we present a physical model of the waveguide-separated absorption charge multiplication-avalanche photodetector (WG-SACM-APD). Both time and frequency modeling for this photodetector are presented. The frequency response has been simulated for different thicknesses of the absorption and multiplication layers and for different areas of the photodetector. The gain-bandwidth characteristic of WG-SACM-APD is studied for different areas and different thicknesses of both the absorption and the multiplication layers showing the dependence of the performance of the photodetector on the dimensions, the material parameters and the multiplication gain. In addition, the characteristics of WG-SACM-APD are studied for the case of an inductor added in series to the load resistor and better performance is achieved in comparison to the case with no inductor. The results obtained from the model that is presented in this work are compared with published experimental results and good agreement has been obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".