Starch from Hull‐less Barley: Ultrastructure and Distribution of Granule‐Bound Proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Starch granules isolated from waxy, normal, and high‐amylose hullless barley grains were examined by transmission electron microscopy with cytochemical techniques. The micrographs showed two distinct regions of different sizes: 1) densely packed granule growth rings (which varied in size and number depending on the genotype), and 2) a loose filamentous network located in the central region of the granule. The granule ring width decreased with increasing amylose content. In all three genotypes, the growth rings closer to the granule surface were narrower in width than those within the granule interior. The waxy starch had wider intercrystalline amorphous growth rings, semicrystalline growth rings, and more open crystalline lamellae than normal and high‐amylose starches. Granule bound proteins (mainly integral proteins) were located in the central and peripheral (growth ring) regions of the granule.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".