Increases in CSF [Na<sup>+</sup>] precede the increases in blood pressure in Dahl S rats and SHR on a high-salt diet
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, at 5-6 wk of age, a cannula was placed in the cisterna magna, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was withdrawn continuously at 75 microl/12 h. CSF was collected as day- and nighttime samples from rats on a regular salt intake (0.6% Na+; R-Na) and then on a high salt intake (8% Na+; H-Na). In separate groups of rats, the abdominal aorta was cannulated and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measured at 10 AM and 10 PM, with rats first on R-Na and then on H-Na. On H-Na, CSF [Na+] started to increase in the daytime of day 2 in Dahl S rats and of day 3 in SHR. BP and HR did not rise until day 3 in Dahl S rats and day 4 in SHR. In Dahl R and WKY rats, high salt did not change CSF [Na+], BP, or HR. In a third set of Dahl S rats, sampling of both CSF and BP was performed in each individual rat. Again, significant increases in CSF [Na+] were observed 1-2 days earlier than the increases in BP and HR. In a fourth set of Dahl S rats, BP and HR were recorded continuously by means of radiotelemetry for 5 days on R-Na and 8 days on H-Na. On H-Na, BP (but not HR) increased first in the nighttime of day 2. In another set of Dahl S rats, intracerebroventricular infusion of antibody Fab fragments binding ouabain-like compounds (OLC) with high affinity prevented the increase in BP and HR by H-Na but further increased CSF [Na+]. Finally, in Wistar rats on H-Na, intracerebroventricular infusion of ouabain increased BP and HR but decreased CSF [Na+]. Thus, in both Dahl S and SHR on H-Na, increases in CSF [Na+] preceded the increases in BP and HR, consistent with a primary role of increased CSF [Na+] in the salt-induced hypertension. An increase in brain OLC in response to the initial increase in CSF [Na+] appears to attenuate further increases in CSF [Na+] but at the "expense" of sympathoexcitation and hypertension.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it