Plasma soluble tumour necrosis factor‐α receptor 2 is elevated in obesity: specific contribution of visceral adiposity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We examined the obesity phenotype most strongly associated with increased plasma concentrations of sTNFR2, and compared which of the two markers, TNF-alpha or sTNFR2, better predicts indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Plasma sTNFR2 levels were measured in a sample of 287 healthy nondiabetic men [age: 43.9 +/- 8.0 years (mean +/- SD)], covering a wide range of adiposity values (BMI: 29.0 +/- 4.4 kg/m(2); waist girth: 100.0 +/- 11.7 cm). RESULTS: Plasma sTNFR2 levels correlated positively and significantly with BMI (r = 0.36; P < 0.0001), fat mass (r = 0.42; P < 0.0001), waist girth (r = 0.38; P < 0.0001) as well as with visceral (r = 0.37; P < 0.0001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) (r = 0.40; P < 0.0001) areas measured by computed tomography. Two subgroups (n = 27 in each group) of overweight men (BMI >or=25 kg/m(2)) were individually matched for similar BMI values, but with markedly different levels of visceral AT (< or >or=130 cm(2)) and then compared with a control group of 46 lean subjects (with both BMI <25 kg/m(2) and visceral AT <130 cm(2)). This analysis revealed that men characterized by high levels of visceral AT had significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR2 compared with obese men with low visceral AT (1861 +/- 457 pg/ml vs. 1722 +/- 400; P < 0.05) and with lean controls (1570 +/- 291 pg/ml; P < 0.001). Whereas subjects classified across tertiles of TNF-alpha levels showed no difference in glucose tolerance and insulin levels, subjects in the upper tertile of plasma sTNFR2 levels were characterized with the highest plasma insulin concentrations during the OGTT and had the highest area under the curve of insulin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that sTNFR2 levels are more closely related to abdominal AT accumulation than to total adiposity. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of sTNFR2 are independently related to plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis beyond the known contribution of visceral adiposity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".