The Epidemiology of Geriatric Spinal Cord Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the geriatric population are increasing. Current estimates suggest that the annual incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the geriatric (≯65 years of age) population is 67.9/million with a prevalence as high as 116.3/million. This results in significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic consequences. This review examines epidemiological factors associated with SCI in the elderly. The most common scenario is a fall, causing a cervical incomplete cord injury, in patients with preexisting degenerative changes. This typically causes a central cord syndrome. Risk factors are biological, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic. Although there is no significant difference in neurological recovery between older and younger SCI groups, older patients exhibit significantly less functional recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".