Modeling the time evolution of laser-induced plasmas for various pulse durations and fluences
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the expansion in ambient air of a plasma produced by laser ablation from an aluminum target is studied with the help of a one-dimensional fluid code that includes a consistent description of ablation and of the subsequent plasma expansion. Two limiting cases for the expansion geometry have been considered: Cartesian and hemispheric. The plasma temperature and electron density as a function of the space coordinate and time have been obtained for laser pulse durations of 100 fs, 200 ps, and 5 ns, and laser fluences up to a few tens of J/cm2. Simulation results are in good agreement with experiments. The code shows that for times typically longer than 1 μs, the plasma space-averaged temperature and electron density are nearly independent of the laser parameters and of the chosen expansion geometry. For a given pulse duration the plasma temperature first increases with the fluence and then reaches a saturation value. It is shown that most of the observed plasma behavior can be explained by radiative cooling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it