Temperature discontinuity at the surface of an evaporating droplet
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a series of experiments, a temperature discontinuity has been found to exist at the surface of an evaporating water droplet. Statistical rate theory has been used to predict the pressure in the vapor to within the experimental uncertainty during each of the experiments. While the qualitative trend of the D2 law is observed to be consistent with the measurements, it underpredicts the measured rate of evaporation by 21%–37%. When the temperature discontinuity is taken into account in the D2 law, the difference between the predicted and measured values is at most 7%. The results suggest that the rate limiting process in the experiments is not diffusion in the gas phase, as is assumed in the D2 law, but is the interface kinetics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it