High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and of Insulin Resistance in Psoriatic Arthritis is Associated with the Severity of Underlying Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and of insulin resistance (IR) in an ethnically homogeneous cohort of established psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and to identify clinical associations of MetS and IR in patients with PsA. METHODS: A cohort of 283 patients with PsA all meeting ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria was included. All underwent detailed skin and rheumatologic assessments, along with cardiovascular risk factor evaluation. IR was defined as an elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) value of > 2.5. Severe PsA was defined as the presence of 1 or more of the PsA-related radiographic damage features (peripheral joint erosions, osteolysis, sacroiliitis), and PsA requiring tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy. RESULTS: The demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort were mean age 54.6 ± 12 years, 52% female, mean PsA duration 19 ± 9 years. MetS was present in 44% of the studied patients (n = 283). On multiple regression analysis, a significant association of MetS was noted with more severe PsA (OR 4.47, p < 0.001), higher smoking pack-years (OR 1.03, p = 0.02), and worse EQ-5D scores (OR 1.28, p = 0.02). Data on IR were available for 263 patients, and among them, the mean HOMA-IR was 1.43 ± 1.09. Forty-one patients (16%) had IR. On multiple regression analysis, a significant association of IR was noted with more severe PsA (OR 3.49, p = 0.03), later psoriasis age of onset (OR 1.07, p = 0.001), and higher body mass index (OR 1.22, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among patients with PsA, MetS and IR are highly prevalent, and are independently associated with the severity of underlying PsA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".