Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and environmental significance of late mid-Holocene dunes, Lauder Sand Hills, glacial Lake Hind Basin, southwestern Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mid-Holocene eolian dune and sand-sheet deposits, rare in the northern Great Plains, are buried under a meter or more of younger sediment in the glacial Lake Hind Basin, southwestern Manitoba. Six facies observed in three cut-bank exposures allow reconstruction of sedimentary processes and resulting landscape at the study site in the basin center around 6100 cal (calibrated) BP. A mosaic of parabolic dunes with interdune and dune-marginal lightly vegetated sand sheets developed in the Souris River flood plain that was least partly covered with woodlands and wetlands. During floods, nearby interdune areas were inundated. Dune foreset orientation and stratification indicate a more easterly sand transport direction, lending support to the hypothesis that more pervasive westerly "zonal" flow contributed to mid-Holocene aridity evident elsewhere in the northern Great Plains. More arid conditions during the mid-Holocene may have helped trigger eolian activity. However, with the exception of a more active eolian component, the flood-plain environment may have been similar to that of the late Holocene. Mid-Holocene Gowen (Mummy Cave Complex) artifacts, the first found in Manitoba, indicate that people inhabited the resource-rich environment where eolian and flood-plain landforms occurred together. Protection of mid-Holocene dune and sand-sheet strata during late Holocene phases of eolian reactivation is attributed to rapid rise in the local water table soon after deposition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".