Bone marrow‐derived cells in the central nervous system of a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are associated with blood vessels and express CX<sub>3</sub>CR1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with increased numbers of microglia within the CNS. However, it is unclear to what extent bone marrow (BM)-derived cells contribute to this microgliosis. We have studied the adoptive transfer of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled whole BM cells and BM from mice that express GFP only in CX(3)CR1+ cells (CX(3)CR1(+/GFP)) into the CNS of a murine model of ALS having over-expression of mutant superoxide dismutase (mSOD), and wt littermates. We find that most GFP+ and CX(3)CR1(+/GFP) cells are found adjacent to the microvasculature within the CNS, both in mSOD and wt mice. GFP+ and CX(3)CR1(+/GFP) cells within the CNS have a variety of morphologies, including cells with an elongated appearance, weak Iba-1 immunoreactivity, and often mannose receptor immunoreactivity, indicating that these cells are perivascular microglia. Typically, less than 10% of BM-derived cells had a stellate-shape and expressed strong Iba-1 immunoreactivity, as expected for parenchymal microglia, indicating that BM-derived cells uncommonly generate parenchymal microglia. Adoptive transfer of BM-derived cells from CX(3)CR1(+/GFP) mice revealed that many elongated cells are GFP+, demonstrating that some perivascular cells are derived from BM cells of the CX(3)CR1+ lineage. The significantly greater numbers of BM cells in mSOD than in control mice indicate that the presence of these BM cells in the spinal cord is regulated by conditioning stimuli that may include irradiation and inflammatory factors within the CNS.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".