Coronary β-Adrenoceptor Function Is Modified by the Endothelium in Heart Failure
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Congestive heart failure is associated with abnormalities in myocardial beta-adrenoceptor function. The extent of vascular beta-adrenoceptor alterations at heart failure, however, is unknown. Accordingly, we examined beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxations in both circumflex (CRX) and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries with and without endothelium from dogs in early and end-stage heart failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing (1 and 4 weeks pacing at 250 beats x min-1, respectively). At early heart failure, (1) CRX with endothelium were more sensitive to isoproterenol than CRX without endothelium (EC50: 1.1 x 10(-8) vs. 1.6 x 10(-7) M, p<0.05); and (2) in response to salbutamol, CRX with endothelium had a lower maximum relaxation response than CRX without endothelium (56.6 vs. 75.9%, p<0.05). At end-stage heart failure, (1) endothelium-intact CRX and LAD showed a significant decrease in sensitivity to isoproterenol compared to control (CRX-EC50: end-stage heart failure: 1.1 x 10(-7) vs. control: 1.8 x 10(-8)M,p<0.05; and LAD-EC50: end-stage heart failure: 8.8 x 10(-7) M vs. control: 8.3 x 10(-8) M, p<0.05); (2) LAD with endothelium showed greater maximum relaxation to salbutamol than LAD without endothelium (100.8 vs. 76.5%, p<0.05); and (3) CRX were significantly more sensitive to isoproterenol than LAD. These data suggest that coronary vascular tone via beta-adrenoceptor stimulation is coronary artery-dependent, and modulated not only by the heart failure state, but also by the presence of a functional endothelium.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it