Physiological specialization in the western Canadian population of<i>Phaeosphaeria nodorum</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum is an important foliar disease of wheat. Efficient breeding for SNB resistance requires detailed knowledge of the pathosystem so that targeted improvements can be made. The objective of this study was to examine the wheat–P. nodorum pathosystem for evidence of host specificity amongst Canadian isolates. To this end, 49 P. nodorum isolates were inoculated on 16 wheat lines in indoor seedling inoculation experiments. Biologically significant host × pathogen interactions were identified, indicating that host specificity exists in the Canadian isolates tested. This observation is consistent with an inverse gene-for-gene pathosystem based upon host-selective toxins. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis of disease reaction data suggested nine virulence clusters; however, additional sub-groupings could be argued based upon the reaction of specific wheat lines to isolates within virulence clusters. The common wheat lines 86ISMN 2137, RL5407 and W7984 had good resistance to the P. nodorum isolates in seedling tests, which will be useful for improvements in common wheat and possibly durum wheat. The development of a SNB differential set is discussed. P. nodorum isolates characterized in this study will be useful for future studies in the wheat–P. nodorum pathosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".