Frost and Harvest Date Effects on Yield and Nutritive Value of Silage Maize <i>(Zea mays</i> L.) in a Short-Season Environment
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The danger of frost damage before harvest is an ever present risk to corn (Zea mays L.) growers in Newfoundland, Canada. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of frost and harvest date on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of silage corn. In 2000, 2001 and 2002, the DM yield and nutritive value of Pioneer(r) 39NO3 (2100 CHU) was examined at three locations and at five harvest dates at approximately 10-day intervals between 25 September and 14 November of each year. All plants were seeded under plastic mulch to minimize variation in maturity relative to location and year. Out of the three factors (‘year’, ‘location’ and ‘harvest date’) examined, only ‘harvest’ date had significant effects on the measured parameters. The DM yields were at a maximum level of 17,233 kg ha−1 immediately following first frost but declined by 22% at 20 days after frost. However, the DM content increased by 2% from the time of the first harvest after frost to the last harvest after frost. The harvest index (HI), defined as the ratio of grain DM to total aboveground DM at harvest, increased from about 370 to 420 g kg−1 before frost and thereafter increased to a maximum of 487 g kg−1 following frost. The crude protein (CP) concentration was maximum at the first harvest before frost (121 g kg−1) and declined after frost, but the trend was reversed for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) which showed maximum levels of 357 and 504 g kg−1, respectively, at 20 days after frost. In general, the relative feed value (RFV) was highest before frost (> 150 g kg−1) and declined after frost. Correlations among DM concentration, HI, CP, ADF, and NDF were consistent across years. The strong positive correlation between ADF and NDF (r>0.87, P < 0.01) suggests that use of both ADF and NDF as indices of silage nutritive value may be redundant. To obtain optimal yield and nutritive value traits of silage corn, it is recommended that silage corn be harvested prior to, or not more than 10 days after, first frost.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it