Measurements and Prediction of Free-Stream Turbulence and Pressure-Gradient Effects on Attached-Flow Boundary-Layer Transition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents measurements of free-stream turbulence, streamwise pressure gradients and flow Reynolds number effects on attached-flow transition. The measurements were performed on a flat plate, at free-stream turbulence intensities ranging from 0.5% to 9.0%, four Reynolds numbers, and several streamwise pressure distributions, including ones that are typical of the suction side pressures of axial turbine blades. Based on the results, the extent of upstream movement of transition location with free-stream turbulence, the changes in transition length with variations in the streamwise pressure gradients, and the sensitivity of these trends to flow Reynolds number are quantified. Interpretation of the measurements is based primarily on streamwise and cross-stream intermittency distributions extracted from the velocity traces of hot-wire traverses. The measured transition inception locations and transition lengths are used to evaluate mathematical models available in the published literature. A modification is proposed to a transition length model to improve the prediction of the streamwise intermittency distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".