Formation of Multilayer Polyelectrolyte Complexes by Using Block Ionomer Micelles as Nucleating Particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on the complexes formed between polystyrene- block -poly( N -ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (PS- b -PEVP) and poly(sodium methacrylate) (PMANa). These complexes were synthesized as follows. First, PS- b -PEVP is dispersed in water, which results in the formation of the micelles with insoluble PS core and cationic PEVP corona. Second, these micelles are reacted with the linear polyanion, PMANa. This leads to formation of the polyion complex micelles that are likely to have the multilayer structure: the PS core surrounded by the intermediate insoluble layer of mutually neutralized polyions and the lyophilizing shell of the polyion that is present in excess. The complexes were characterized by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, sedimentation velocity, viscometry, static and dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The properties and stability of the complexes in aqueous dispersion depends on the ratio of charged units of the polycation and polyanion chains, Z = [PMANa]/[PEVP]. The shell can be either cationic (PEVP) if the polycation is in excess ( Z ≤ 0.3) or anionic (PMANa) if the polyanion is in excess ( Z ≥ 1.8). When Z values are intermediate 0.3 < Z < 1.8 the micelles become unstable in dispersion and precipitate. At 0.6 ≤ Z ≤ 1.3 only the insoluble complexes are formed. Overall, reacting the polyelectrolyte micelles with oppositely charged linear polyelectrolytes represents a simple and effective method of modification of polyelectrolyte micelles and synthesis of micellar dispersions of polyelectrolyte complexes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".