Organoboron Acids and Their Derivatives as Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An overview of the applications of boronic and borinic acids in catalysis is presented. Taking advantage of the Lewis acidity of trivalent boron and the reversible covalent interactions of organoboron acids with OH groups, diverse modes of catalytic reactivity have been achieved. Interactions with carbonyl compounds enable acceleration of addition and cycloaddition processes, whereas binding of their enol tautomers can lead to organoboron-catalyzed aldol and related reactions. Binding of organoboron acids to hydroxyl and carboxyl OH groups has been employed as a mode of electrophilic activation for catalysis of substitution, cycloaddition, rearrangement, and elimination reactions. By altering the nature of the interaction with the organoboron acid catalyst, activation of OH groups as pronucleophiles is also possible, resulting in catalyst-controlled methods for regioselective functionalization of diols and carbohydrate derivatives. Applications of organoboron acids in bifunctional and assisted catalysis are also discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it