Organoboron Acids and Their Derivatives as Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An overview of the applications of boronic and borinic acids in catalysis is presented. Taking advantage of the Lewis acidity of trivalent boron and the reversible covalent interactions of organoboron acids with OH groups, diverse modes of catalytic reactivity have been achieved. Interactions with carbonyl compounds enable acceleration of addition and cycloaddition processes, whereas binding of their enol tautomers can lead to organoboron-catalyzed aldol and related reactions. Binding of organoboron acids to hydroxyl and carboxyl OH groups has been employed as a mode of electrophilic activation for catalysis of substitution, cycloaddition, rearrangement, and elimination reactions. By altering the nature of the interaction with the organoboron acid catalyst, activation of OH groups as pronucleophiles is also possible, resulting in catalyst-controlled methods for regioselective functionalization of diols and carbohydrate derivatives. Applications of organoboron acids in bifunctional and assisted catalysis are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".