Low-Output Left Ventricular Failure in End-Stage Renal Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine the factors associated with low-output left ventricular failure (LVF) in endstage renal disease (ESRD), we performed echocardiography and gated cardiac scan on 217 nondiabetic dialysis and transplant patients. The prevalence of low-output LVF (ejection fraction less than 55% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 5.5 cm) in dialysis patients was 18% and in transplant patients 2%. The 26 patients with LVF were compared to 52 controls without LVF, matched by age, sex and year of starting treatment for ESRD, but not for current ESRD therapy. Mean age was 55 +/- (SEM) 14 years; 73% of the patients in both groups were males. Duration of treatment for ESRD was 5.6 +/- 4.3 years in patients, compared to 5.1 +/- 4.1 years in controls. Significant differences between LVF patients and controls included current treatment (73% of cases were on hemodialysis and 8% were transplanted, compared to 48 and 42%; chi 2 = 9.9, p less than 0.01), high serum creatinine, smoking and high serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences for current blood pressure, proportion on treatment for hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, symptomatic ischemic heart disease, proportion with functioning vascular access, degree of weight gain between dialyses, hemoglobin level or high transfusion requirement. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated the most significant and independent variables associated with LVF were high alkaline phosphatase (suggestive of hyperparathyroidism), smoking and high serum creatinine levels (reflecting degree of uremia). Dialysis patients with LVF (n = 23) were compared to dialysis patients who had normal echocardiograms (n = 29).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".