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Measurement of South Pole ice transparency with the IceCube LED calibration system
M. G. Aartsen, Y. Abdou, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, D. Altmann, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, M. D. Baker, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, S. Bechet, J. Becker Tjus, K. H. Becker, M. Bell, M. L. Benabderrahmane, S. BenZvi, Jens Berdermann, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, A. Bernhard, Daniel Bertrand, D. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, M. Bissok, E. Blaufuss, J. Blumenthal, D. J. Boersma, S. Bohaichuk, C. Böhm, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, L. Brayeur, A. M. Brown, R. Bruijn, J. Brünner, S. Buitink, M. Carson, J. Casey, M. Casier, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, K. Clark, F. Clevermann, S. Cohen, D. F. Cowen, A.H. Cruz Silva, M. Danninger, J. Daughhetee, J. C. Davis, C. De Clercq, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, M. Dunkman, R. Eagan, B. Eberhardt, J. Eisch, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, J. Feintzeig, T. Feusels, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, T. Fischer-Wasels, S. Flis, A. Franckowiak, Robert Franke, K. Frantzen, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, G. Golup, J. A. Goodman, D. Góra, D. Grant, A. Groß, M. Gurtner, C. Ha, A. Haj Ismail, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Heereman, P. Heimann, D. Heinen, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, A. Homeier, K. Hoshina, W. Huelsnitz, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, Safeer Hussain, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, K. Jero, O. Jlelati, B. Kaminsky, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, J. L. Kelley, J. Kiryluk, F. Kislat, J. Kläs, J.-H. Köhne, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, M. Krasberg, G. Kroll, J. Kunnen, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, M. Labare, H. Landsman, M. J. Larson, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, J. Leute, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, Frank McNally, K. Meagher, M. Merck, P. Mészáros, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, E. Middell, N. Milke, J. Miller, L. Mohrmann, T. Montaruli, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, Uwe Naumann, Hans Niederhausen, Sarah Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke, S. Odrowski, A. Olivas, M. Olivo, A. O’Murchadha, L. Paul, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, C. Pfendner, D. Pieloth, Norbert Pirk, J. Posselt, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, L. Rädel, K. Rawlins, P. Redl, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, M. Richman, Benedikt Riedel, J. P. Rodrigues, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, B. Ruzybayev, D. Ryckbosch, S. M. Saba, T. Salameh, H.‐G. Sander, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Schatto, F. Scheriau, T. Schmidt, M. Schmitz, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schönherr, A. Schönwald, A. Schukraft, L. Schulte, O. Schulz, D. Seckel, H. Seo, Y. Sestayo, S. Seunarine, C. Sheremata, M. W. E. Smith, M. Soiron, Dennis Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, A. Stasik, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, E. A. Strahler, L. R. Strom, G. W. Sullivan, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, A. Tamburro, S. Ter–Antonyan, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, S. Toscano, M. Usner, N. van Eijndhoven, A. Van Overloop, J. V. Santen, M. Vehring, M. Vöge, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, T. Waldenmaier, M. Wallraff, R. Wasserman, Ch. Weaver, M. Wellons, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, H. Wissing, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, C. Xu, Dawei Xu, Xiaolin Xu, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, P. Zarzhitsky, J. Ziemann, Simon Zierke, Anne Zilles, M. Zoll
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
Bibliographic record
VenueNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
FundersMarsden FundJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsVetenskapsrådetFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungOffice of Polar ProgramsVlaamse regeringFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseUniversity of OxfordSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungU.S. Department of EnergyNational Science Foundation
KeywordsObservatoryPhysicsCherenkov radiationDetectorCalibrationAbsorption (acoustics)NeutrinoRadiationRemote sensingOpticsAstronomyNuclear physicsGeology
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.334
Threshold uncertainty score0.745
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.305
Teacher spread0.270 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itQuick stats
Citations198
Published2013
Admission routes1
Has abstractno