Selection of biological agents from composts for control of damping-off of cucumber caused by <i>Pythium ultimum</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The microflora of three composts were studied to isolate and test microorganisms for biological control of Pythium ultimum on greenhouse-grown cucumber. A more diverse bacterial population was observed in compost from paper mill sludge (170 groups) than in composts from plant waste and from manure (75 and 88 groups, respectively). In compost from paper mill sludge, 12 fungal species were isolated, compared with 22 and 26 in composts from plant waste and from manure, respectively. Selected bacterial and fungal isolates were evaluated in assays on agar plates against P. ultimum. A total of 10 bacterial isolates and 4 fungal isolates significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) reduced P. ultimum growth rate. These isolates were evaluated in the greenhouse for control of damping-off of cucumber. Disease incidence and severity and foliage and root masses were measured 3 weeks after soil inoculation with the microbial agents and P. ultimum. Under greenhouse conditions, Zygorrhinchus moelleri and Bacillus marinus were the most effective microorganisms against damping-off, followed by Penicillium thomii, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Graphium putredinis. These isolates were tested in a second greenhouse trial and the best control was achieved with Z. moelleri and Penicillium thomii.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".