Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase concentration and fiber type distribution after spinal cord injury
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Complete spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized, in part, by reduced fatigue-resistance of the paralyzed skeletal muscle during stimulated contractions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The effects of complete SCI on skeletal muscle Na(+),K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) concentration, and fiber type distribution were therefore investigated. Six individuals (aged 32.0 +/- 5.3 years) with complete paraplegia (T4-T10; 1-19 years since injury) participated. There was a significantly lower Na(+),K(+)-ATPase concentration in the paralyzed vastus lateralis (VL) when compared to either the subjects' own unaffected deltoid or literature values (from our laboratory, utilizing the same methodology) of VL Na(+),K(+)-ATPase concentration for the healthy able-bodied (141.6 +/- 50.0, 213.4 +/- 23.9, 339 +/- 16 pmol/g wet wt., respectively; P < 0.05). There was also a significant negative correlation between the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase concentration in the paralyzed VL and years since injury (r = -0.75, P < 0.05). These findings are clinically relevant as they suggest that reductions in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase contribute to the fatigability of paralyzed muscle after SCI. Unexpectedly, the VL muscles of our subjects had a higher proportion of their area represented by type I fibers compared to literature values for the VL of the healthy able-bodied (52.6 +/- 25.3% vs. 36 +/- 11.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). As all our subjects had upper motor neuron injuries and, therefore, experienced muscle spasticity, our findings warrant further investigation into the relationship between muscle spasticity and fiber type expression after SCI.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it