A CMUT-based finger-mounted 3D ultrasound probe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developing 2D array-based systems for 3D imaging is overall more challenging due to the complexity in addressing the transducer elements. The Row-Column (RC) scheme results in a significant reduction in electrical leads at a reasonable cost in imaging quality. This paper presents imaging analysis on RC beamforming and provides evidence on why an RC-based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (RC CMUT) array is suitable for mounting on the finger-tip for close-up imaging. The prototype can be fitted over a finger and be used for scanning a small targeted volume. The front-end electronics are also designed so that the device can be hands-free and be attached to the back of the hand. The simulation and experiment shows that the calculated scanning volume is highly limited by natural focusing. For a 4.8mm by 4.8mm, 5.9MHz, 32×32 elements RC CMUT array, the calculated -6dB lateral resolution ranges from 0.3mm to 1mm within a 10mm depth. The effective scanning volume, given a 1mm resolution threshold, is approximately 4.5mm by 4.5mm by 10mm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".