Real-Time Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Anode Exhaust Gases of a Direct Propane Fuel Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The exhaust gases composition of a direct propane fuel cell (DPFC) operating at was studied by mass spectrometric methods. Blank propane was introduced in the anode chamber without external reforming. The effect of the anode catalysts on the composition of the exhaust gases was investigated. It was found that the mass spectra of the electro-oxidized propane presented significant differences compared to the mass spectra of the blank propane introduced directly into the mass spectrometer. It was found that the operation of the DPFC at involves several processes, i.e., adsorption, dehydrogenation, and C-C bond cleavage of the molecule. It was shown that the intensity of the peaks associated with species like , CO, and increases with the polarization potential of the fuel cell. The opposite effect was found for the relative intensity of the molecular ion at , which decreased with the cell polarization potential. These spectrometric characteristics indicate that the composition of the anode exhaust gases is related to the polarization conditions. These results confirm that the direct propane electro-oxidation was responsible for the operation of the DPFC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".