Experimental Characterization of Monotonic and Cyclic Loading Responses of CLT Panel-To-Foundation Angle Bracket Connections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cross laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood plate product suitable for the construction of shear walls in low-rise and medium-rise residential and commercial buildings. CLT shear walls are attached to foundations by using metal connectors arranged to prevent the horizontal sliding and uplift of entire superstructures. It is critical that individual CLT panels remain properly anchored, even during events such as design level wind storms and earthquakes, and that overloaded connectors attaching walls to foundations are capable of deforming plastically. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviors of a range of commercially manufactured and specially designed steel angle bracket connectors intended to resist horizontal shear force flow at CLT wall and foundation interfaces. Both monotonic loading and fully reversed displacement controlled loading protocols were employed so that results apply to wind and seismic design scenarios. The broad conclusion is that the behavior of CLT panel-to-foundation angle bracket connections is too complex to be predicted by using simplified analytical methods. Therefore, test based studies are the only reliable means of determining design capacities for particular types of angle bracket connections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".