Mode-Based Transport Sustainability: A Comparative Study of Taipei and Kaohsiung Cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mode shifting is an effective solution to improve transport sustainability. This study developed an indicator system for measuring mode-based transport sustainability at the local level, and the results provided a basis for evaluating the proposed improvement solutions. A case study of Taipei and Kaohsiung confirmed that the mode-based transport sustainability model could highlight which mode provided the most superior transport sustainability and which indicator or aspect could be improved to enhance the transport sustainability of the two cities. The findings from Taipei and Kaohsiung revealed that the use of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and bicycles significantly improved transport sustainability, but that the effects of motorcycle use on transport sustainability varied according to local circumstances. Analysis of four transport sustainability improvement scenarios indicated that building bicycle exclusive lanes would have significant environmental and social benefits both in Taipei and Kaohsiung. Increasing parking fees for cars and motorcycles would have a relatively insignificant effect on improving sustainability in Taipei City. Constructing an infrastructure for electric motorcycles in Kaohsiung would provide the most significant improvement to transport sustainability of any of the four scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".