Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although steels containing small amounts of vanadium or titanium had long been available, the rapid development and exploitation of microalloy steels was initiated by the recognition of the advantages of adding a small amount of niobium to C–Mn steels. This occurred in 1958 with the first successful production of niobium treated steel by the Great Lakes Steel Corporation of the USA. Various factors contributed towards this development including the availability of a supply of relatively low cost ferroniobium in the late 1950s and the discovery at this time of very large deposits of niobium bearing ores in Brazil and Canada which guaranteed the stability of future supply and price. Further development of microalloy steels was held back by a lack of knowledge of the exact role of niobium in influencing steel properties. Research carried out at The University of Sheffield in 1959–1960 provided a fundamental understanding of the effect of niobium. This was the first of many scientific investigations to study the influence of niobium, vanadium and titanium which contributed to the successful development and production of microalloy steels.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it