Does the north Atlantic oscillation affect hydrographic properties on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An analysis of hydrographic data from the eastern Canadian continental shelf indicates that large‐scale spatial patterns of bottom temperature and salinity respond to sustained periods of weak and strong meteorological forcing represented by the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Warm, salty (cold, fresh) conditions prevail on the Newfoundland‐Labrador Shelf, the eastern Scotian Shelf and the Gulf of St. Lawrence during periods of negative (positive) NAO anomalies. The opposite response is seen on the central and western Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine. Comparison of years when the NAO anomaly was positive and had the same sign for at least the two preceding years with those years when the NAO anomaly was negative and had the same sign for at least the two preceding years, shows differences in bottom temperature and salinity, at the same location, of up to approximately 2°C and 0.4. A plausible explanation of the pattern lies in a combination of local forcing and the highly advective nature of the oceanography that responds to NAO forcing. Greater westward transport of Labrador Slope Water along the shelf edge and subsequent on‐shelf penetration of hydrographic anomalies during periods of negative NAO anomalies give rise to the dipole nature of the temperature and salinity patterns. The effects on hydrographic properties appear to be integrated over several years of meteorological forcing, again likely related to advection in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".