Spectral Selectivity of Photocatalyzed Reactions Occurring in Liquid−Solid Photosystems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The photocatalyzed transformations of phenol (PhOH) and 4-chlorophenol (4ClPhOH) in irradiated TiO 2 (P25) aqueous dispersions were reexamined to assess the spectral dependencies of the selectivities of the primary oxidative and/or reductive steps in the formation of the primary intermediates catechol (Cat), hydroquinone (HQ), and benzoquinone (BQ) for PhOH and chlorocatechol (ClCat), HQ, and BQ for 4ClPhOH. These selectivities depend on the relative surface concentrations of the electrons and holes at the various wavelengths, which in turn hinge on the spectral variations of the absorption coefficients of the photocatalyst. The rates of degradation of PhOH and of 4ClPhOH, together with the rates of formation of the primary intermediate species, scaled linearly with photon flow from the irradiation source, as required if quantum yields and selectivities of formation of the intermediates are to be correctly evaluated. As expected, the selectivities of formation of the intermediates in phenol were spectrally invariant, whereas those for the 4-chlorophenol were spectrally variant. The average of the spectrally integrated selectivities for the formation of Cat, HQ, and BQ for phenol ranged from 0.18 to 0.24 (error ca. ±0.02), whereas the corresponding ones for the formation of ClCat, HQ, and BQ from 4-chlorophenol ranged between 0.18 and 0.32. With a minor exception, these selectivities compare remarkably well with those determined under broadband irradiation (0.20−0.24 for phenol and 0.15−0.26 for 4-chlorophenol).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".