Genetic structure of a population of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG 2-2 IIIB from <i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 IIIB is an important pathogen of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) worldwide. Limited information is currently available concerning levels of genetic diversity and population structure within this pathogen on creeping bentgrass. Twenty-three isolates were obtained from 17 symptomatic patches of a creeping bentgrass field at the Guelph Turfgrass Institute, Ontario. Anastomosis grouping was identified on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics, and by PCR amplification using specific primers. The population structure was analyzed using five inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, which generated 34 polymorphic loci out of 50 band positions. Distance analysis with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) resulted in a dendrogram which clustered the 23 isolates into four main groups, with genetic distances (1 – Dice coefficient of genetic similarity) ranging from 0 to 12%. This level of variation among isolates of R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB present in a small field of creeping bentgrass and even within single patches implied some level of recombination, but the distribution of ISSR haplotypes and gametic disequilibrium analyses revealed that asexual propagule movement was the dominant force in the population structure in this small area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".