Contact Binaries with Additional Components. III. A Search Using Adaptive Optics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present results of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope adaptive optics (AO) search for companions of a homogeneous group of contact binary stars, as a contribution to our attempts to prove the hypothesis that these binaries require a third star to become as close as observed. In addition to directly discovering companions at separations of ≥1'', we introduced a new method of AO image analysis utilizing distortions of the AO diffraction ring pattern at separations of 0.07''-1''. Very close companions, with separations in the latter range, were discovered in the systems HV Aqr, OO Aql, CK Boo, XY Leo, BE Scl, and RZ Tau. More distant companions were detected in V402 Aur, AO Cam, and V2082 Cyg. Our results provide a contribution to the mounting evidence that the presence of close companions is a very common phenomenon for very close binaries with orbital periods <1 day.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".