Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, ranging from solely cutaneous symptoms to systemic disease with extensive visceral involvement. 1 Lupus was first named in the Middle Ages, but evidence suggests that Hippocrates described it long before that time. 2 Its intricate pathogenesis makes lupus a mainstay in the world of dermatological research, especially since roughly 75% of affected individuals experience cutaneous symptoms at some point during the course of the disease. 3 As a result, thorough knowledge of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is integral to successful management of affected patients. Epidemiology of LE The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is 17-48 per 100,000 worldwide. 3-4 Although it was once believed that CLE was 2-3 times more common than SLE, 5 emerging evidence suggests that the incidence rates are comparable. Typically, patients with LE are between the ages of 20-40 with a female predominance that varies according to subtype. 1 Patients with African ancestry have been found to be slightly more susceptible. 1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.035 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".