MICROFLOTATION OF FINE OIL DROPLETS BY SMALL AIR BUBBLES: EXPERIMENT AND THEORY
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A trajectory analysis accounting for hydrodynamic interactions and van der Waals attractions was performed to predict the kinetic constant for capture of fine but non-Brownian oil droplets by small air bubbles under creeping-flow conditions. For the range of bubble (40 μ ≤ 2a 1 ≤ 80 μm) and droplet (3 μm ≤ 2a 2 ≤ 20 μm) diameters of interest, the theoretical kinetic constant scales as k α φa 1 −0.86 a 2 1.21, where φ is the gas holdup, a 1 is the bubble radius, and a 2 is the droplet radius. Experiments with a batch flotation cell support these scalings, but the quantitative predictions for the capture rate are about three times higher than the measured values. Smaller bubbles are more efficient collectors because they have higher surface area per volume and cause weaker hydrodynamic interactions, whereas smaller droplets are floated less efficiently because they tend to flow around the rising bubbles. Keywords: FlotationMicroflotationDropletsBubbles ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by grant CTS-9416702 from the National Science Foundation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it