Closed-cycle cooling of cryopanels in molecular beam epitaxy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Closed-cycle cooling of the cryoshroud in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system with a dimethyl polysiloxane heat transfer fluid has reduced liquid nitrogen consumption by an order of magnitude, significantly lowering operating costs. The temperature dependence of cryopanel pumping efficacy in the MBE system has been investigated. H2O, CO, CO2, and As4 are all pumped effectively by liquid nitrogen cooled cryopanels (−196 °C) in the MBE. At −78 °C, the operating temperature of the closed-cycle chiller, H2O and As4 are pumped effectively, while CO and CO2 are not. The pumping speed for H2O is found to increase exponentially with decreasing temperature. Below ∼−40 °C and ∼−95 °C, the pumping speeds for As4 and H2O saturate, respectively. AlGaAs layers grown with the closed-cycle-cooled shroud show strong photoluminescence, expected room temperature electron mobility, and background doping levels less than 4 × 1015 cm−3.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".