Characterization of the Reaction of North Dakota Dry Bean Cultivars to Three Races of <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose, a serious disease of dry bean, had been prevalent mostly in the eastern United States and Michigan. In 2001, the disease was observed affecting several commercial bean fields in North Dakota. To assess the potential impact of this pathogen on the North Dakota dry bean industry, 30 of the most widely planted cultivars were inoculated with races 7, 73, and 89 of C. lindemuthianum. Race 73 is present in Michigan, and has been detected in recently North Dakota and Manitoba, while races 7 and 89 are currently present in Michigan and Ontario. All cultivars were spray inoculated with a suspension of 10 6 conidia/ml in the greenhouse and evaluated for disease reaction using a 0-to-9 scale 8 days after inoculation. Most kidney beans were susceptible to race 7, but resistant to races 73 and 89. ‘Isles’ and ‘Drake’ were the only kidney beans resistant to all three races. All pinto beans were susceptible to races 73 and 89 except ‘Topaz’, which was moderately resistant to race 73 but susceptible to race 89. Most pinto beans were resistant or moderately resistant to race 7. Navy bean cvs. Newport and Envoy were resistant to all three races; however, ‘Norstar’, the most widely planted navy bean cultivar, was susceptible to all three races. Research is being conducted to identify germplasm with resistance to these races. To reduce the possibility of spreading this pathogen to new fields in the region, the use of noncertified seed should be discouraged among producers, and fields used for seed production should be monitored very carefully.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".