Ground-Motion Attenuation at Short Hypocentral Distances (<30 km) near Sudbury, Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We use seismographic data from 12 local, shallow earthquakes of magnitude M N 1.0–3.1 that occurred near Sudbury, Ontario, recorded at three stations within 30 km of the source, to examine ground-motion attenuation at close distances. This is an important issue for development of ground-motion prediction equations in eastern North America and for the inference of earthquake source parameters from regional earthquake observations. We show that high-frequency (3–10 Hz) horizontal-component ground motions decay at a geometric spreading rate of approximately R -1.3 in the first 25–30 km from the earthquake source (where R is the hypocentral distance). This is in agreement with the geometric spreading rate determined by Atkinson (2004) and used in the ground-motion prediction equations of Atkinson and Boore (2006). Vertical-component ground-motions in this distance range appear to decay at a slightly slower rate of R -1.1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".