Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) is the mechanically strongest cytoskeletal element in eukaryotic cells and plays a key role in maintaining cell’s geometrical shape by bearing compressive forces. MTs are highly dynamic, and “dynamic instability” is referred to the switch between polymerization and depolymerization phases (the latter is characterized by splitting of protofilaments at the plus end). A micromechanics model is proposed here to study whether an axially compressed microtubule, protected by a “cap” consisted of a few layers of strongly bonded GTP dimers at the plus end, can split prior to overall buckling. Our basic conclusion is that compression-driven splitting of a capped microtubule can happen prior to overall buckling when the microtubule is very short (typically shorter than few hundreds of nanometers). For example, compression-driven splitting from middle of a capped microtubule can happen prior to buckling when the length of microtubule is shorter than a few hundreds of nanometers. In addition, for capped microtubules shorter than 125−180 nm (depending on specific values of axial Young’s modulus and adhesion energy between protofilaments), mechanical compression will cause splitting of the microtubule at its plus end prior to overall buckling. On the other hand, however, for microtubules of length longer than 0.3−0.75 micron (depending on specific values of axial Young’s modulus and adhesion energy between protofilaments), the present model shows that a cap composed of even one single layer of GTP dimers is sufficient to prevent compression-driven splitting prior to buckling, in agreement with the known observations that dynamic instability or splitting of moderately long microtubules could happen only when the cap is completely lost at the plus end.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".